Large Language Models: An Illustrated Guide

Author

Felipe Q. B. Almeida

LAST UPDATED

February 2, 2026

Hello!

Latest PDF Version here

What this book IS

  • A book focused on examples and figures to explain how Language Modeling started and how we got to where we are today.

  • A technical book aimed at people with some mathematical and some programming knowledge.

What this book is NOT

  • A reference for how to implement an LLM at the code level. Read Build a Large Language Model From Scratch by Sebastian Raschka instead;

  • A book with extensive mathematical proofs of the statistical and algebraic components of LLMs (not sure there is any good source here other than the original papers themselves);

  • A book on tools and frameworks to work with LLMs (Pytorch, Tensorflow, Huggingface, etc).

  • A general book about NLP. Read Speech and Language Processing by Dan Jurafsky and James H. Martin.

  • A book on how to deal with problems introduced by LLMs: hallucinations, jailbreaking, bias, existential risks, etc.

  • A book on the empirical techniques and hacks to make LLMs work better at scale.

  • A book on the technicals of putting LLM-enabled systems to use in products and organizations.

  • A comprehensive reference on how Reinforcement Learning is applied to fine-tune LLMs. Read the RLHF Book by Nathan Lambert and watch Lectures 1-10 on [Stanford CS224R Deep Reinforcement Learning].

Acknowledgements

  • My family and my dog Zulu: For support throughout my life.

  • Alan Watts: The person who’s had the biggest spiritual influence on my life. Buy his books on Amazon

  • Aaron Clarey: Thanks for all the advice and hard truths delivered. Buy Aaron’s books on Amazon and subscribe to his Youtube channel